New kind of catalysts

New kind of catalyst. December 22, 2025 New kind of catalyst is an exothermic reversible reaction being combined with another reaction in joint chemical process, to make it happen at designed conditions and to restore the said reversible reaction's reactants For example, it can be thermochemical water splitting in hydrogen and oxigen. (a) CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 - 41 kJ. It is exothermic reversible reaction being classicsl one. dH = - 41 kJ, dS = - 34 J/mol*K. T < 933 C. (b) (CO2 + H2) + 0.33 H2O = 0.33 * (H2 + 0.5 O2) + (CO + H2O). Enthalpy dH = 41 + 0.33 * 242 = 121 kJ and dS (entropy) = 34 + 0.33 * (131 + 102 - 180) = 34 + 18 = 52, dG = 121,000 - 52 * T < 0, so T > 2000 C, while conventional thermal water spliting needs much hither temperature. Here CO2 and CO are circular and practically free, so a cost of H2 is a cost of energy consumed. Heat can be renewable energy and 0.4 US cents/kWh [1], and heat in electricity can be 30% energy efficiency and 3.0 US cents /kWh tariff for sale. So the hydrogen cost is here by (0.33 * 242 kJ + 41) * 1000 * 0.004 / 3.6 - 41 * 1000 * 0.3 * 0.03 / 3.6 = USD 30 for 0.66 ton H2 product, so 30 / 0.66 - USD 45 /ton H2, Opex, vs. the water electrolysis 286 kJ/ 0.7 * (1000/3.6) * USD 0.03/kWh = USD 3,400 / 2 ton H2 = USD 1.7 / kg H2, or 35 times more expensive Opex, and more expensive Capex.