New kind of catalysts. Circular formic acid as example.

New kind of catalysts are an exothermic reversible reaction being combined with another reaction in joint chemical process, to make it happen at designed conditions and to restore the said reversible reaction's reactants. David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired, judbarovski.blogspot.com, judbarovski@gmail.com. Abstract. (1) CO + H20 = CO2H2 - formic acid, it is the said catalyst, beinmg the said exothermic reversible reaction. (2) (CO2H2) + 0.5 H20 = 0.5 H2 + 0.25 O2 + (CO + H2O). It is the said joint chemical process to split the water at quite mild conditions and served to produce cheap hydrogen. Really. Energy for those can be renewable and as cheap as less USD 0.01 /kWh down to 0.4 cents or less. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] and so on. Reaction (1) is classical. dH = - 73 kJ, while dS = - 247 J/mol * K. Reaction (2) goes at dH = 73 + 0.5 * 242 = 194 kJ. dS = 247 + 0.5 * (131 + 102 - 180) = 274. dG = 194 - 274 * T < 0, and T > 435 C. Because all reagents here are circular and practically free, a cost of the hydrogen is equal the cost of energy consumed only, so Q(H) = (194 kJ - 73 kJ) * 4/3.6 = USD 133/ton H2 + CAPEX. References. [1] Solar and Wind as cheap as 0.4 cent / kWh, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/02, posted on Feb. 11, 2025. [2] Breakthrough cheap Re energy, davidjud.blogspot.com/2024/06, posted on June 21, 2024. [3] Rehab of solar thermal power station, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/06, posted on June 02, 2025. [4] (745e) Fresh look on Wind power generation, AIChE Annual meeting, 2019 yr. [5] https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events, 2017 - 2024 years.

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