Renewables-2017

Abstract. Supercheap hydrogen for chemistry and artificial fuel production. Zero-carbon and hazard free domesticaly and distributaly. (1) Al2O3 + 3 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3, heating and pressure 10 - 100 bars. (2) 2 Al(OH)3 + k * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + Al2O3 + 3 H2O. All reagents are circular here, so they are practically free. Total energy consume is energy for the water thermolysis only, and at k = 1, being a heat of 242 kJ/mol H2 at T = > (150 + k * 242) / (450 + k * 54) = 500 C. vs. 2500 C conventional. Because renewable energy of solar and wind can be cheapened in order of magnitude down to USD 0.004 / kWh or less [1], H2 product can be 242 kJ * 10^6 * 0.004 /3600 sec./2 = USD 133 /ton H2, OPEX. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events

Al2O3 + 2 NH3 as new kind of catalyst - Corrected. David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor. judbarovski.blogspot.com, judbarovski@gmail.com April 12, 2026 (1) Al2O3 + 2 NH3 = 2 AlN + 3 H2O. dH = 406 kJ, dS = 181 J /mol * K. Because all reagents here are circular, they are practically free (see reaction (2) for the water thermolysis). (2) (2 AlN + 3 H2O) + k * (H2O = H2 + O.5 O2) + (Al2O3 + 2 NH3), T > (k * 242 – 406) * 1000) / (k * 54 – 181). If k = 1.0, the reaction (2) is s at T = 1000 C. for k = 0.5, T > 720 C. OPEX cost of the hydrogen product practically is equal to a cost of energy consumed. It is 242 kJ/mol = USD 242 * 1.1 / 2 = USD 133/ton H2. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events

(1) Al2O3 + 2 NH3 = 2 AlN + 3 H2. dH = 274 kJ, dS = 181 J /mol * K. Because all reagents here are circular, they are practically free (see reaction (2) for the water thermolysis). (2) (2 AlN + 3 H2O) + k * (H2O = H2 + O.5 O2) + (Al2O3 + 2 NH3, T > (k * 242 – 274) * 1000) / (k * 54 – 181). If k = 0.5, so T > 720 C. and OPEX cost of the hydrogen product practically is equal to a cost of energy consumed, or being including minus a cost of high temperature heat can be converted in electricity for sale from reaction (1). In a first case it is 121kJ/mol = USD121 * 1.1 = USD133/ton H2. In a second case it would be a big net profit. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is a reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3, is joined with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 770 Celsius vs. conventional 2500 C. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, the hydrogen OPEX cost is a cost of energy consumed, so a heat of (55 + 0.365 * 248) kJ = 139 kJ /0.365 = 400 kJ/mol minus a cost of the sold electricity, and with a Capex of USD 67/ 0.73 = 90/ton H2, it is in sum about USD 170 /ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 +...

Financial Times: нефтяные монархии планируют построить трубопровод в обход Ормузского пролива.

Abstact. Tiny share of about 2% renewable wind energy over global oceans can be converted in oil by USD 10/bbl in quantity of total needs of EU and USA in energy. Such wind moves distributed special sailboats equiped by underwater hydroturbine with electric generator, powering on-board a circular thermochemical catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen by USD 250 /ton. Periodically such hydrogen is collected and pressed by sea shuttles for nearby terminals to produce such oil.. More detailed disclosure.