Renewables-2017

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is a reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3, is joined with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 770 Celsius vs. conventional 2500 C. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, the hydrogen OPEX cost is a cost of energy consumed, so a heat of (55 + 0.365 * 248) kJ = 139 kJ /0.365 = 400 kJ/mol minus a cost of the sold electricity, and with a Capex of USD 67/ 0.73 = 90/ton H2, it is in sum about USD 170 /ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 +...

Financial Times: нефтяные монархии планируют построить трубопровод в обход Ормузского пролива.

Abstact. Tiny share of about 2% renewable wind energy over global oceans can be converted in oil by USD 10/bbl in quantity of total needs of EU and USA in energy. Such wind moves distributed special sailboats equiped by underwater hydroturbine with electric generator, powering on-board a circular thermochemical catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen by USD 250 /ton. Periodically such hydrogen is collected and pressed by sea shuttles for nearby terminals to produce such oil.. More detailed disclosure.

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3 is joined with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 770 Celsius, vs. conventional 2500 C. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, the hydrogen OPEX cost is a cost of energy consumed, so a heat of (55 + 0.365 * 248) kJ = 145 kJ /0.365 = 400 kJ/mol minus a cost of the sold electricity, and with a Capex of USD 67/ 0.73 = 90/ton H2, it is in sum about USD 170 ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5...

VTOL = closed container + water pump inside it. Updated March 17, 2026 VTOL comprise a closed container, the water on its bottom and a pump used as a water jet inside it. A lifting force of the said jet is equal to a force of the jet stream on the bottom of the container. I can suppose that if to place between the jet stream and the bottom something with best aerodynamic coefficient, resulting force would be a lifting force.

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3 is joned with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 785 Celsius, vs. conventional 2500 C, and consuming a heat of 142 kJ /0.365 = 390 kJ/mol minus sold electricity. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, so Opex cost of the hydrogen is USD 38/ton H2 + USD 67 * 2 = 134 CAPEX, and totally USD 172 /ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + CO2 + H2. dH = 32 + 0....