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Draft

Abstact. Tiny share of about 2% renewable wind energy over global oceans can be converted in oil by USD 10/bbl and gas by USD / 1000 m3 of total needs EU and USA in energy. Such wind moves distributed special sailboats equiped by underwater hydroturbine with electric generator, powering on-board a circular thermochemical catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen by USD 250 /ton. Periodically such hydrogen is collected and pressed by sea shuttles for nearby terminals to produce such oil and gas. More detailed disclosure.
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for AIChE-2026, #1

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3 is joined with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 770 Celsius, vs. conventional 2500 C. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, the hydrogen OPEX cost is a cost of energy consumed, so a heat of (55 + 0.365 * 248) kJ = 145 kJ /0.365 = 400 kJ/mol minus a cost of the sold electricity, and with a Capex of USD 67/ 0.73 = 90/ton H2, it is in sum about USD 170 ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5...
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VTOL.= cloosed container + water pump inside it. Updated.

VTOL = closed container + water pump inside it. Updated March 17, 2026 VTOL comprise a closed container, the water on its bottom and a pump used as a water jet inside it. A lifting force of the said jet is equal to a force of the jet stream on the bottom of the container. I can suppose that if to place between the jet stream and the bottom something with best aerodynamic coefficient, resulting force would be a lifting force.
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Zero-carbon USD 170 /ton hydrogen (Capex + OPEX) with Google AI data consulting.

Zero-carbon hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water splitting. Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is estimated just below. (1) Catalyst is 0.5 * N2 + 1.5 * H2 = NH3 is joned with 0.365 mol of the water splitting, it gives a heat in electricity as a by-product and 0.365 mol of H2 at T > 785 Celsius, vs. conventional 2500 C, and consuming a heat of 142 kJ /0.365 = 390 kJ/mol minus sold electricity. Because all reagents are circular and so practically free, so Opex cost of the hydrogen is USD 38/ton H2 + USD 67 * 2 = 134 CAPEX, and totally USD 172 /ton H2. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + CO2 + H2. dH = 32 + 0....
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Corrected. Supercheap and green hydrogen production.

La-Kavod: Dr. Avi Raih, Deputy Chief Scientist & Scientific director of Chemistry, Materials, Energy and Nanotechnology (1) 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2 = NH3. Enthalpy dH = - 46 kJ. Entropy dS = - 76 (J / mol * K). so T 490 C. Here, they are circular thermal splitting of the water, so NH3 is practically free, and Opex cost of hydrogen is equal to a cost of energy is used, only. They are 46 kJ/mol heat in electricity as a by-product and 167 kJ/mol in reaction (2). (167 * 1.1 - 46 * 2.5) /0.66 = USD 104 /ton H2. Note.Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapend. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. References. [1] Solar and Wind energy as cheap as 0.4 cent / kWh, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/02, posted on Feb. 11, 2025. [[2] Breakthrough cheap Re energy, davidjud.blogspot.com/2024/06, posted on June 21, 2024. [3] Rehab of solar thermal power plants, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/06, posted on June 02, 2025. [4] (745e) Fresh look on Wind power generation, AIChE Annual meeting, 2019...
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Supercheap and green hydrogen production

(1) 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2 = NH3. Enthalpy dH = - 46 kJ. Entropy dS = - 76 (J / mol * K). so T 490 C. Here, they are circular thermal splitting the water, so NH3 is practically free, and Opex cost of hydrogen is equal to a cost of energy is used. They are 46 kJ/mol heat in electricity as a by-product + 167 kJ/mol in reaction (2). (167 * 1.1 - 46 * 2.5) = USD 69 /ton H2. Note.Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. References. [1] Solar and Wind as cheap as 0.4 cent / kWh, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/02, posted on Feb. 11, 2025. [[2] Breakthrough cheap Re energy, davidjud.blogspot.com/2024/06, posted on June 21, 2024. [3] Rehab of solar thermal power plants, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025/06, posted on June 02, 2025. [4] (745e) Fresh look on Wind power generation, AIChE Annual meeting, 2019 yr. [5] https://www.aiche.org/conf...
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New kind of catalysts. Promising consequences. March 05. 2026.

Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. For example, the water thermal splitting at T > 163 C vs. conventional 2500 C, and absolutely green USD 133 /ton H2 Opex, allows in order of magnitude cheaper H2 base fuels and chemical products. Really. Catalyst: NH3 = 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2. dH = 46 kJ, dS = 101 J/mol*K. Joint target reaction: 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2 + 0.33 (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + NH3. dH = 35 kJ, dS = -78 J /mol * K, so T > 163 C.
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