Renewables-2017

Abstract. Synergy of (1) New kind of catalysts. It is an reversible circular reaction (catalyst in wide sense), that is added to a target reaction to form a joint process. (2) Wind and solar energy can be in order of magnitude cheapened. See [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. For example, the water thermolysis at breakthrough lower temperature is shown just below. (1) Catalyst: 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2 = NH3. Joint target reaction: NH3 + 0.33 (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + 0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2. dH = 126 kJ, dS = 242 J /mol * K, T > 248 C. (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + CO2 + H2. dH = 32 + 0.4 * 242 = 128 kJ. dS = 214 + 0.4 * (131 + 102 - 180) = 234. dG = 128 - 234 * T 274 C. Because all reagents here are circular and practically free, so Opex cost of the hydrogen is USD 47/ton H2 for reaction (1), and about USD 100 for reaction (2). References. [1] Solar and Wind as cheap as 0.4 cent / kWh, judbarovski.blogspot.com/2025...

Promising technology of H2, NH3, oil and gas production February 11, 2026 Abstract. (1) H2O + NH3 = 0.5 N2 + 2.5 H2 + 0.5 O2 + 288 kJ. dS = 153 J/mol*K. (2) 2.5 H2 + 0.83 N2 = 1.67 NH3 - (46 * 1.67 = 77 kJ) can be sold as a by-product - electricity by 0.33 - efficiency and USD 0.03/kWh, so (3) If Q is a cost Opex, Q(1.67 - 1 = 0.66 NH3) = 288 * 4 / 3.6 - 77 * 2.5 = USD 124 = 0.66 * 17 ton NH3 = 11.3 ton NH3, so Q(NH3) = USD 124 /11.3 ton = USD 11/ton NH3. Q(2.5 H2) = Q(NH3) * 17, so Q(H) = 11 * 17 / 5 = USD 37 / ton H2. Notes: (1) Renewable energy can be as cheap as about USD 0.004 /kWh. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] etc. (2) 2.5 H2 / 3 = 1.67 mol NH3, here nitrogen can be practically free, being remainder of the air after its oxigen being deleted by negligible share of a fuel: hydrogen or ammonia. (3) Reaction (1) is converting 1 mol of NH3 in 1.67 mol NH3, can be grown exponentially. (4) CO2 + 4 H2 = CH4 + 2H2O - 254 kJ, so Q(CH4) = (220 + 4 * 37 - 254 kJ) / 16 = USD 23 / ton CH4 = USD 16 ...

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