Fundamental breakthrough energetics

Fundamental breakthrough energetics

Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired

judbarovski@gmail.com

 

Foreword:

Three different inventions promise primary renewable electricity by about USD 0.006/kWh each at 5 years payback and then to be practically free. (see “Breeding for cheap electricity cheapening”, 3.11.2020, https://judbarovski.blogspot.com/2020/11 ).

Breeding investment allows the said primary electricity additionally to be cheapened drastically. First year investment of 3.0 cent/kWh by credit is enough for 4 years to invest and build 40 analogous power plants by 0.075 cent/kWh at the same 5 years payback.

 

ABSTRACT:

A strategic goal was both to reach 100% electricity as only end use energy source being most effective and convenient one, and maximally autonomous powering for defense needs .The primary electricity cost is negligible, but feasible 0.075 cents /kWh. It can be stored partly in a form of artificial intermediary fuel for defense and reliability. .

The goal of this post is to evaluate a cost of end use electricity,

 

It is 2.5 cent/kWh end use electricity of 100% off-grid consume (see Appendix) and for housing as a small consumers such autonomy can be provided by local fuel-in-electricity substations. Autonomous supply can be paralleled by direct grid supply by the said 0.075 cents/kWh.  About 20% can be reserve and international trading.

 

Appendix  

Because now negligible cost of primary electricity (see Foreword above), OPEX in all the said cases is negligible too vs. CAPEX, can be considered as a full cost.

 

Hydrogen produced by concentrated rays of magnetrons ( 80% efficiency, USD 40.0/kW with lifetime 10,000 hours) for the water splitting, it is (40$ /10,000 /0.8) cent/kWh cent/kWh * 40,000 kWh/ton = USD 200.0 /ton. It can’t be used for storage, because low volumetric energy density, and hazardous, even if in a form of ammonia, but can be a predecessor for hydrocarbons synthesis.

CAPEX of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons is from CO2 and H2 (by two stages),  is approximately USD 125.0/ton, so it full cost is 200 $ * 6 moles H2 / 14 + 125$ = USD 210.0/ton = 21 cent/kg

 

It can be transformed in intermediary hydrogen, free of carbon-based contaminants and then in electricity. (see Appendix 1 in “Solar power strategy for the West”, posted 31.10.2020 in https://judbarovski.blogspot.com/2020/10 ).

 

Such electricity storage is 2.5 cent/kWh

Really

21*14/ 6 = 49 cent/kg H2.

40.0 kWh/kgH2 * 0.67 (H2-air FC efficiency) = 26.80 kWh/kgH2 = 49 cent/kgH2, so

1.83 cent/kWh OPEX + 40$ / (kW * 10,000 hr. lifetime) = 0.4 cent/kWh CAPEX,

And totally 2.23 cents/kWh + 10% = 2.5 cent/kWh

 

NaOH storage for a week is estimated to be 1.2 cent/kWh. It is much cheaper than by secondary battery, but can’t compete with above-mentioned hydrocarbons, can be stored practically eternally.

Really

CAPEX of alkalichlor electrolysis of NaOH plus 25% overheads can be USD 230.0/ton 

NaOH storage with temperature differential 900 C – 400 C = 500 C is

1.5 * 500 * 1000 = 750,000 kJ/ton * 0.35 heat in electricity = 73.0 kWh/ton.

5 years payback * 365 days / 7 day storage  = 261.0 ratio * 73 kWh/ton = 19,000 kWh = 230$/ton = 1.2 cent/kWh electricity.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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