Renewables-2017

Closed-loop reactions as a new kind of catalysts. 2 HCl = H2 + Cl2. April 28, 2026 (1) 2 HCl = H2 + Cl2, dH = + 185 kJ, dS = - 21 J/K*mol. (1a) H2 + Cl2 + k * (H20 = H2 + 0.5 O2) + 2 HCl, T > (242 * k - 185) * 1,000 / (54 * k + 21) - 273. At k = 0.88, T > 150 C. At k = 0.85 and H2O (liquid), T = 97 C A cost of primary energy of Solar and Wind in the order of magnitude can be cheapened too by reducing their frontal dimension down to about 1.0 m2 unit, so such units are thinner proportionally and is negligible vs. a cost of electric generators being a lion's share per kilowatt, and per kWh.

The Sunday Times: в российской армии есть случаи каннибализма 27 апреля 2026, 14:19 В мире Газета The Sunday Times сообщает, что российские солдаты, отправленные на поле боя в Украину и оставшиеся без еды в зимние месяцы, были вынуждены прибегать к каннибализму и поедать тела своих товарищей, чтобы выжить. Вполне, воруют, а офицеры солатское довольствие.

A cost of primary energy of Solar and Wind in the order of magnitude can be cheapened too by reducing their frontal dimension down to about 1.0 m2 unit, so such units are thinner proportionally and is negligible vs. a cost of electric generators being a lion's share per kilowatt, and per kWh. (1) Al2O3 + 3 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3, heating and pressure 10 - 100 bars. 2 Al(OH)3 + k * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + Al2O3 + 3 H2O. All reagents are circular here, so they are practically free. Total energy consume is energy for the water thermolysis only, and at k = 1, being a heat of 242 kJ/mol H2 at T = > (150 + k * 242) / (450 + k * 54) = 500 C. vs. 2500 C conventional. Because renewable energy of solar and wind can be cheapened in order of magnitude down to USD 0.004 / kWh or less [1], H2 product can be 242 kJ * 10^6 * 0.004 /3600 sec./2 = USD 133 /ton H2, (2) Catalyst: CO2 + H2 = HCOOH - formic acid. Joint target reaction: HCOOH + 0.4 * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + CO2 + H2. dH = 32 + 0.4 * 242 = 128 ...

https://(Fresh look on Wind Power Generation – Upgraded, 25/02/2019, David Judbarovski, 2019 AIChE Annual Meeting (ISBN: 978-0-8169-1112-7), https://www.aiche.org/proceedings/people/david-judbarovski } Breeding investment allows by credit for a first power plant in five steps to invest and build some tens analogous power plants. . So OPEX is negligible vs. CAPEX, can be full cost of artificial intermediary fuel for 100% off-grid electricity by 2.5 cent/kWh. For housing such autonomy can be provided by local fuel-in-electricity substations. Autonomous supply can be paralleled by much cheaper direct grid supply. Financial Times: нефтяные монархии планируют построить трубопровод в обход Ормузского пролива 2 апреля 2026, 08:41

Abstract. Supercheap hydrogen for chemistry and artificial fuel production. Zero-carbon and hazard free domesticaly and distributaly. (1) Al2O3 + 3 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3, heating and pressure 10 - 100 bars. (2) 2 Al(OH)3 + k * (H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2) + Al2O3 + 3 H2O. All reagents are circular here, so they are practically free. Total energy consume is energy for the water thermolysis only, and at k = 1, being a heat of 242 kJ/mol H2 at T = > (150 + k * 242) / (450 + k * 54) = 500 C. vs. 2500 C conventional. Because renewable energy of solar and wind can be cheapened in order of magnitude down to USD 0.004 / kWh or less [1], H2 product can be 242 kJ * 10^6 * 0.004 /3600 sec./2 = USD 133 /ton H2, OPEX. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events

Al2O3 + 2 NH3 as new kind of catalyst - Corrected. David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor. judbarovski.blogspot.com, judbarovski@gmail.com April 12, 2026 (1) Al2O3 + 2 NH3 = 2 AlN + 3 H2O. dH = 406 kJ, dS = 181 J /mol * K. Because all reagents here are circular, they are practically free (see reaction (2) for the water thermolysis). (2) (2 AlN + 3 H2O) + k * (H2O = H2 + O.5 O2) + (Al2O3 + 2 NH3), T > (k * 242 – 406) * 1000) / (k * 54 – 181). If k = 1.0, the reaction (2) is s at T = 1000 C. for k = 0.5, T > 720 C. OPEX cost of the hydrogen product practically is equal to a cost of energy consumed. It is 242 kJ/mol = USD 242 * 1.1 / 2 = USD 133/ton H2. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events

(1) Al2O3 + 2 NH3 = 2 AlN + 3 H2. dH = 274 kJ, dS = 181 J /mol * K. Because all reagents here are circular, they are practically free (see reaction (2) for the water thermolysis). (2) (2 AlN + 3 H2O) + k * (H2O = H2 + O.5 O2) + (Al2O3 + 2 NH3), T > (k * 242 – 274) * 1000) / (k * 54 – 181). If k = 0.5, so T > 720 C. and OPEX cost of the hydrogen product practically is equal to a cost of energy consumed, or being including minus a cost of high temperature heat can be converted in electricity for sale from reaction (1). In a first case it is 121kJ/mol = USD121 * 1.1 = USD133/ton H2. In a second case it would be a big net profit. References. 2021 Annual Meeting. (397e) Cheap Energy is a Key to Competitive Artificial Fuels. https://www.aiche.org/conferences-events