Sea water desalination breakthrough cheaply


Sea water desalination cheaply

Author: David Judbarovski, principle inventor, retired engineer, Israel
Archive since 2006 yr.: http://judbarovski.livejournal.com
{156}-(1)-2.04.2018

I show my technology and its introduction for Israel as an example.
It is USD 0.1/ton of fresh water, and could need 12 million USD as a CAPEX for 1.0 milliard ton annually.

It is some greenhouses comprise three layer of PET films as a roof with an air gaps between them and a layer of sea water as an input on the bottom, for solar evaporation up to saturated vapor at the greenhouse temperature. Another input of the greenhouse is an output of a heat exchanger has the said saturated vapor as its input for condensation by ambient air being its another input. The said condensate is conditioned in fresh water product by a little share of the waste being a brain after the said sea water evaporation.

We can adjust the technology parameters by only parameter being an air flow velocity coming inside the said greenhouse and practically depended on the ambient air temperature only. The other parameters in that case can be constant. For example, the greenhouse temperature 300 days in a year, 8 hours in day to be 45 Centigrade, and we can create the heat recuperation as 80% depended on said heat exchanger design, and it is well known chemical engineering technique.

The fresh water production in those cases is variably following variable weather conditions/ Supposing ambient air as 25 Centigrade as average, solar irradiation as 1500 kWh/m2 annually and 80% as the greenhouse roof transparency, bellow I can show economical estimation was declared above. 

0.8 * (1500 kWh/ (300 d * 8 h) – 15 * (45 – 25) / (3 + 1)) = 0.8 * (625 W – 75 W) = 440 W/m2 being a helpful solar heat
The said heat is enough to evaporate 440 W/(2300 J/g) = 0.19 g/sec of water, so we can produce 0.19 /(1- 0,8) ~= 1 gram/sec of the water, so 1 * 300 d * 8 h * 3600 sec ~= 8.25 ton of the water annually per each 1 sq. m of the greenhouse using PET of 3 sq. m by USD 0.5/m2, so 150/8.25/(3 years of lifetime = payback) = 6 cent/ton
440 W = 50 * dT * S(m2) for the heat exchanger. dT = (45-25) * (1-0.8) = 4, so
S= 2.2 m2 by 50 cent/m2 Al foil, so it adds 2.2*50/8.25*3) = 4.4 cent/ton, and ~ 10 cents/ton totally as a CAPEX.

If heat exchanger walls being vertical, the total construction is a very simple and quick for installation, and lion share of time for create the production plant is an order and transportation its materials and parts, can be supposed here as a cycle of 4 month for the plants unit. Being sold for the water distributer by 45 cent/ton, we can have 45 -10*3 = 15 cent/ton as a profit can be used to build additional plants for another 4 month. So  such breeding can allow in 3 years to build  (1 + 15/30) ^ ((12 * 3) /4 -1)) = 25 plans by CAPEX of the unit alone. So having 1 milliard ton annually as goal, the CAPEX would be (10^9) * 0.3 /25 = USD 12 million, or 1.2 cents per ton of the fresh water being practically free for producer!!!     
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