New look. Best fuel, is safe against terrorist attacks
New look on cheap, effective fuel, incl. mobile applications
Author: David Judbarovski, systems
engineering, principle inventor, retired
Abstract
Shortly: Breakthrough novel sailed
hydro-generators in oceans, transform wind energy in electricity of USD 0.0025/kWh
used to produce on-board cheaply raw ethanol from water and air. The said raw
ethanol at USD 20.0/bbloe, can be reformed by water vapor in hydrogen to produce electricity by
fuel cells, stationary or on-board, .
To burn a steel cylinder with ethanol isn’t a simple task, and
to explode it is impossible.
Here is presented a fully theoretical solution of a problem
of high contented hydrogen fuel, is safe against terrorist attacks and against
itself especially. This problem is
and was a main obstacle to introduce hydrogen carrying fuels and hydrogen
economy now and ever !!!
It is based on novel generator of electricity about USD 0.0025/kWh operated in open oceans (see Appendix 1). Such cheap electricity is used on-board:
(1) For the water splitting into hydrogen
with a help of a set of magnetrons.
Their EM-emission is concentrated on a small
area in the water. Because the magnetrons are very cheap (USD 40.0/kW) and
simple and very energy effective (about 80%) devices of big lifetime and can be
cheaply restored to prolong its lifetime some times, the said hydrogen is cheap
too (about USD 0.20/kg, CAPEX + OPEX).
(2) For carbon dioxide extraction from
ambient air.
A lot of the air is bubbled by the cheap
electricity through a layer of metal hydroxide solution chemically fixing the
air’s natural carbon dioxide in a form of metal carbonate, that decomposed by
high temperature with a help of the said cheap electricity in process of
recycling of the said metal hydroxide. So
the carbon dioxide is extremely cheap too
The said extracted carbon dioxide is
reduced by the said hydrogen after the water splitting to a mix with its main
product being ethanol.
The said mix of products being liquid, it
is very suitable for transportation by tankers to a land, and we can use my
novel kind of cheap sea transport with as such incredible velocity as up to 900
km/h. It is another principle invention of main, and it allows extremely cheap
and quick sea transportation for a long distance (see Appendix 2). It is about
0.012 kWh/ton-km isn’t depended on velocity.
On the land the said ethanol can be used as a cheap and energy effective fuel, and not
directly, but after its reforming with a help of the water steam, into hydrogen
and carbon dioxide as exhaust.
Such hydrogen can be used for electricity
production by hydrogen-air fuel cell, can be very cheap (USD 40.0/kW) device
with long lifetime and high energy effective, now 67%.
While directly used ethanol (by burning)
can produce 1370 kJ/mol; as a heat, my process can produce electricity.
Being used as a complex engine for electric
car, it can be considered as a heat engine consuming ethanol only, because the
water is recyclable on-board. My ethanol would be much cheaper, than oil
equivalent. Its total energy efficiency is 67%. It can generate 20 kJ electricity/gram
of ethanol, while gasoline ICE can give 15 kJ/gram helpfully, but it is lightly flammable and explosive
fuel.
Appendix 1
Very shortly, it is a
following technological chain: A lot of pilotless sailboats go there and back
moved by wind, so harvesting the wind energy and turn it in electricity by a
hydro-turbine fixed under the sailboat. Because that electricity can’t be
transported from moving things, it preliminary is used to split the desalinated
sea water in oxygen and hydrogen being compact energy carrier for further
operations with it.
Appendix 2
While conventional surface
ships’ and submarines’ power consume is proportional to cube of their speed V
m/s
(1) W ~ V^3 = k * V^3 * B
(beam) * H (draft) (kW),
my concept’s power is
proportional to the speed
(2) W ~ V = V * H^2 * B (kW)
In my case a ship nose is
tilted back from its lowest point to highest one, and the ship is submerged,
while its roof is near to the sea level.
The ship’s nose as a wedge
pushes the front water upward to the air, because the water can be considered
as incompressible and continuous medium in our case, so
(3) W = Q (m3/s) * H (meters
of water column) (kW)
(4) Q = B (beam)* H (draft)* l
(nose length) / (l / V) =B * H * V
Combining (3) and (4), it
gives (2)
Additional loses of that ship
can and must be relatively negligible by using a pressed air cocoon around the
sides and the bottom. It is not sophisticated, but routine designer
work, had been made by me too.
q (kWh / ton-km) = W (kW) / (G
(displacement, m^3) * V (km/h)) can be considered as a OPEX.
So
(5) q = H / (3.6 *
L (m)), i.e. depended on H-to-L ratio only and q = about 0.015 or less, and not
depended on a ship speed !!! (Here, L – is an effective length of a ship).
So q = 0.012 kWh/ ton-km
approximately, or 1.5 USA cents/10 ton-km or even much less.
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