Energy strategy against the global warming

Energy strategy against the global warming

Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor

judbarovski@gmail.com , Israel

Introduction

Mr. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations :

“The technologies that are necessary to make this possible are already available”, he added, “the signals of hope are multiplying. Public opinion is waking up everywhere. Young people are showing remarkable leadership and mobilization.” 

The key missing ingredient is a lack of political will he said: “Political will to put a price on carbon. Political will to stop subsidies on fossil fuels”, or to shift taxation from income to carbon, “taxing pollution instead of people.”

Here I intend to show a realistic engineering of the energy strategy as a compromise allowing to continue a fuels usage as energy source, but by ecologically save and cheap and sustainable way. 
And it is well scalable!!! 

Abstract

(a) CO2 + H2O = CH2O (algae biomass equivalent farmed in open ponds) + O2 – 540 kJ / 8% photosynthesis = 6000 kJ = 1.67 kWh. Energy for moisture removing down to 25% of dry biomass content is relatively negligible.

(b) CH2O + 0.5 H2O = 0.5 C2H6O + O2  - 144 kJ / 15% (fermentation) = 900 kJ = 0.25 kWh  for 23 gram C2H6O (ethanol).

Totally 1.9 kWh for 23 gram C2H6O, and 1200 kWh/m2 solar annually, produces 1200/1.9) * 23 = 14.5 kg ethanol/m2 annually The ethanol is a best fuel to be well save against terrorists attack, and to transport it and for storage for use it all year round 24/7.  

Wastewaters being rich by organics can be utilized as a fertilizer.

(c) C2H6O + H2O (steam at 900 C) + O2 = 2 CO2 + 4 H2 + 223 kJ as a heat 900 C, can be utilized (!!!).   

(d) 4 H2 + 2 O2 = 4 H2O + 1140 kJ * 67% (fuel cell) = 765 kJ = 0.2 kWh electricity by 46 gram ethanol, or 0.2 kWh * (14.5 kg/m2) / 46 gram = (63 kWh /m2) electricity. Such electricity can be used for city-cars as a grid element needs a tiny rechargeable battery for emergency only, or can be simply produced on-board from the ethanol, needs a tiny rechargeable battery as a starter.

It would be practically free energy, consuming relatively negligible materials’ and labor resources. Its cost can be quite speculative estimated. The labor per m2 farming would be more than in order of magnitude cheaper than ordinary agriculture harvest, because being in order of magnitude bigger yield per square meter of farming, and more suitable for mechanization and automatics and control, while the labor is main part of total cost, and supposing the last as USD 2.0/m2, so the electricity cost could be 2.0/20/83 kWh =~ USD 0.002/kWh, so 2.0/20/63 kWh =~ USD 0.002/kWh, is much less than fuel cell cost per kWh electricity, can be quite small, if its mass production. 

All global mankind needs in energy now is about 10 milliard toe (ton of oil equivalent) annually can be substituted by twice-triple more energy efficient electricity, so in quantity of about 4 milliard toe. 1 kg toe = 50,000/3600 = 14 kWh as a heat. So about 55 trillion kWh can supply all mankind needs in energy, can be stored in form of the ethanol, and for its production would be enough about  7 % of desert and arid lands of Australia, because there is sunny region all the year round, with more than 2500 kWh/m2 solar energy annually. 

The said biomass, being reformed more directly in electricity on-site, can sufficiently reduce the area consumption.

For example, all present USA electricity consumption would need 66,000 km2 desert and arid lands.  

Really:     

CH2O + H2O (steam at 900 C) = CO2 + 2 H2

 140 + 286 – 393 = 33 kJ = 0.009 kWh

(1200/0.009) * 572 kJ * 0.67/3600 = 14000 kWh/m2

30 g CH2O = 1.67 kWh + 0.009 = 1.68 kWh

(1200/1.68) * 572 * 0.67/3600 = 76 kWh/m2 electricity,

5 * 10^12 / 76 = 66,000 km2 for USA, or about 0.75% territory (desert and arid).