Liquid fuel for susrainability
Liquid fuel
for sustainability
Author: David
Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired
Abstract
I declare
and here prove by clear way, that countries even suffered by lack solar energy and
snow winters & no free areas & no fossil fuel deposits, they can produce
themselves and by themselves oil of refine quality from “air and water” in the full
demand, by about USD 0.27/liter (USD 1.0/gallon) as domestic price, and to turn
own energy system for distribute electricity supply as main energy source by about
USD 0.01/kWh.
Note: It is
an example of circular economics, including CO2 being greenhouse gas exhaust,
it is used in carbon cycle.
The said oil
can be synthetized on artificial floating islands distributed in open ocean (USD
60.0/ton/m2 of dry surface area) industrially either by known Fischer-Tropsch
or by its variations from CO2 (by USD 15.0/ton, 320 ton/year/m2 desalinated
water surface area) extracted from the air (see “CO2 mass production from the
air very cheaply’, Jan. 11, 2020, https://judbarovski.blogspot.com/2020/01
) and H2 (by USD 0.40/kg – see Appendix
1) by splitting of desalinated water. So the oil is estimated to be
CO2 + 3 H2 =
CH2 + 2 H2O; (44 * 15 + 3 * 2* 400 0) / 14 = USD 220/ton + 100 CAPEX = 320 /ton
= USD 0.27/liter.
Analogous
calculation can be for onshore with mild climate (see Appendix 2).
Analogously,
we can produce ethanol, being much safer against criminals and terrorist
attack.
Instead of
thermal generation of electricity in a future consideration we can suppose alkaline
fuel cell (AFC) with controlled pH at anode side to avoid CO2 created by steam
reforming and poisoning the AFC. Hydrogen-air AFC is triple more energy
effective than thermal generator. Nevertheless, the AFC being cheap device have
to be more cheapened.
Appendix 1
A lot of pilotless sailboats with flat sail go there and back moved by
wind, so harvesting the wind energy and turn it in electricity by a
hydro-turbine fixed under the sailboat. Because that electricity can’t be
transported from moving things, it preliminary is used to split the desalinated
sea water by concentrated rays of a set of magnetrons being highly energy
effective and cheap, to produce hydrogen that being compact energy carrier for
further operations on floating industrial terminals. Typical wind in open ocean
is 6.7 m/s, so 800 m2 sail (with off-board sail supports), can create 70 kW
electricity, is enough to produce 4.4 liter/s H2 = 26 m3 at 100 bars in a week
(240 kg). Because a lion share of cost is a cost of hydro-generator, they being
about USD 300.0/kW totally, the helpful electricity would be about USD 0.008/kWh
Appendix 2
For onshore
application there are special vertical axes wind turbines (VAWT) being very
cheap and simple in manufacturing and installation. Global average onshore wind
is 3 28 m/s. For example, the present electricity demand of USA can be
satisfied by 0.8 cent/kWh ($ 300.0/kW for all), distributed totally on 0.7% of
its territory (6500 km2) not excluded for other usage too.
Our VAWT is
a vertical chain of special units. Each unit comprises three plane blades of
identical window leaf of thin steel sheet. The wind flow rotates the said units
by closing alternately the window leafs or opening them, and it rotates a low
speed gearless permanent magnet synchronous electric generator.
The
neighboring units are rotated oppositely, so we can minimize torsion loads. The
said turbine is hung in the air by a balloon with a gas, is lighter than air,
i.e. by methane.
The lowest
end of the said chain is fixed by a rope through bearing connection to the land
or by heavy load to the land.
The said
turbine can be 200 m height (from 100.0 m to 300. 0 m above sea level) and 4.0
meter of blades width, can produce about 75 kW = 700,000 kWh
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